1.- Behaviorist CALL
Stage conceived in the 1950s and applied in the 1960s and '70s. The type of activities which are the most frequent in this phase are drill-and-practice exercises. The theoretical base for this phase is the repeated exposure to the same material is helpful for learning.On the other hand, the computer is considered "a mechanical tutor" which never gets tired and also "it can provide immediate non judgemental feedback"
2.- Communicative CALL
Emerges at the end of the 1970s and it corresponds with the peak of the cognitive psychology's theories which emphazise the interaction and thinking process. In a way that, “the focus was not so much on what the student did with the machine, but rather what they did with each other while working with the computer” (Warschauer and Healey, 1998:57). What makes it different from the one we mentioned before is that the student doesn't execute a simple drill, but rather he/she must perform a research, choice and interaction activity with the computer to get the right answer.
Stage conceived in the 1950s and applied in the 1960s and '70s. The type of activities which are the most frequent in this phase are drill-and-practice exercises. The theoretical base for this phase is the repeated exposure to the same material is helpful for learning.On the other hand, the computer is considered "a mechanical tutor" which never gets tired and also "it can provide immediate non judgemental feedback"
2.- Communicative CALL
Emerges at the end of the 1970s and it corresponds with the peak of the cognitive psychology's theories which emphazise the interaction and thinking process. In a way that, “the focus was not so much on what the student did with the machine, but rather what they did with each other while working with the computer” (Warschauer and Healey, 1998:57). What makes it different from the one we mentioned before is that the student doesn't execute a simple drill, but rather he/she must perform a research, choice and interaction activity with the computer to get the right answer.
3.- Integrative CALL
Situated at the end of the 1980s. We are in this phase nowdays, and it is related with the application of a social-cognitive point of view which puts major emphasis in the use of the language in real social contexts. (Warschauer and Healey, 1998). According to these two authors: “task- based”, “project-based” and “content-based approaches” are the most common types of activities.
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